Ampicillin | 69-53-4

Ampicillin is a commonly used antibiotic that has been evaluated in various clinical contexts for its role in preventing infections. A randomized controlled trial on third molar surgery found that a total intravenous dose of 2 grams of ampicillin (administered as 1 gram just before surgery and 1 gram after surgery) was sufficient to prevent surgical site infections and alveolar osteitis, with no significant difference compared to a 3‑gram regimen. In term pregnancy with prolonged prelabor rupture of membranes and negative group B Streptococcus colonization, ampicillin alone (2 grams every 6 hours) was less effective than a combination of ampicillin plus gentamicin in reducing clinical chorioamnionitis and postpartum maternal infections, suggesting that broader Gram‑negative coverage may improve outcomes. Research on transplacental passage using an ex vivo placenta model revealed that ampicillin has a moderate transfer rate (about 25%), with fetal/maternal concentration ratios reaching 0.52–0.58 after 4 hours; maternal serum concentrations declined rapidly from 54.1 mg/L at 30 minutes to 2.3 mg/L at 4 hours post‑dose, indicating that adjusted dosing may be necessary in severe infections during pregnancy. Additionally, machine learning models applied to MALDI‑TOF mass spectrometry data have shown promise in rapidly detecting ampicillin susceptibility in Enterococcus faecium, with a spectral peak linked to bacteriocin T8 serving as a key discriminatory feature, potentially enabling earlier optimized treatment for susceptible infections.